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A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens inside the eye, which eventually leads to blurred or dim vision. As this cloudiness progresses, it interferes with daily activities such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces. Vision loss from cataracts is sometimes manageable with glasses or contact lenses, but a surgeon may recommend cataract surgery to restore clear vision. Here’s information on cataract surgery and what to expect:
Why Do Cataracts Develop?
The eye lens, which is primarily made of water and protein, can change over time. Proteins may clump together and begin clouding a small area of the natural lens. The most common cause of cataracts is aging. As people get older, the proteins in the lens of the eye can break down and form clumps, creating cloudy spots. Besides age, other factors can contribute to cataract development, including:
- Genetic Predispositions
- Certain Medical Conditions (Like Diabetes)
- Previous Eye Injuries or Surgeries
Environmental factors, such as prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, can also increase the risk of developing cataracts. Lifestyle choices, including smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, have been linked to their formation as well.
In the early stages, vision changes caused by cataracts may be managed without surgery. An updated prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses can temporarily improve vision, and using brighter lighting for reading and other activities can also be beneficial. Anti-reflection coatings on glasses can help reduce glare, particularly for night driving. These non-surgical methods may provide relief for a time, but they do not stop the cataract from progressing. Cataract surgery remains the only definitive treatment for cataracts once they significantly impair vision.
When Is Surgery Recommended?
A recommendation for cataract surgery is made when cataracts begin to affect a person’s ability to perform daily tasks safely. The decision is a personal one, made in consultation with an eye care professional after a thorough examination. If your vision problems interfere with driving, reading, or hobbies, it may be time to think about your surgical options. The surgery itself is a common and established procedure, and here is what to expect:
- During the operation, the surgeon removes the clouded natural lens and replaces it with a clear, artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
- This process usually involves making a small incision in the eye to access the lens.
- The clouded lens is then broken up using ultrasound waves and removed, and the new IOL is carefully inserted into its place.
How Do You Prepare for Surgery and Recovery?
Before the surgery, you will undergo a comprehensive eye exam, where measurements of your eyes will be taken. These measurements determine the proper power of the new IOL. You may be prescribed antibiotic eye drops to use for a few days leading up to the surgery, as they help prevent infection. Your doctor will provide specific instructions regarding eating, drinking, and taking regular medications before the surgery.
Recovery after cataract surgery is generally quick. You will receive a protective shield to wear over your eye, especially while sleeping, and you will be prescribed eye drops to aid healing and prevent inflammation. It is common to experience some mild discomfort, light sensitivity, or a gritty sensation for a few days. Following all post-operative instructions, including attending follow-up appointments, is imperative for enabling a successful outcome.
Learn More About Cataract Surgery
Cataract surgery is a procedure to restore vision that has been diminished by the clouding of the eye’s natural lens. Understanding the causes of cataracts, the surgical process, and the recovery period helps you make informed decisions about your health. For personalized information about your eyes, contact an ophthalmologist for a consultation. Don’t wait for symptoms to worsen before establishing a provider; schedule an appointment today.
